The Konark Sun Temple, known for its awe-inspiring sculptures, houses some remarkable masterpieces of Odishan temple architecture. Among them, the Varunani image stands as a timeless classic, captivating visitors with its divine allure. Currently on display at the National Museum in New Delhi, the Varunani image holds significant cultural and historical importance.
Varunani is a Digpatni image, revered as the consort of Varuna, one of the eight Digapalas and the guardian deity of the western direction. In ancient Odishan temples, the Ashta (8) Digapalas were venerated as the guardians of the eight cardinal directions.
Studying the Varunani image, one can speculate that the Konark Sun Temple once housed representations of all eight Digapalas, along with their respective Digpatnis. While the Ishana murti is also on display at the National Museum, New Delhi, and the Vayu Patni image finds reverence at the Siddha Mahavir Temple in Puri, the fate of the other Digapala and Digpatni images remains uncertain. It is believed that some may have been lost to time, either destroyed or held in private collections.
The attached images of Varunani serve as a testament to the magnificence of Eastern Ganga architecture. The sculptor’s artistry is evident in the exquisite portrayal of Varunani’s divine femininity, accentuated by intricate carvings of her Vaahana, the mythical Makara, and the delicate details of her ornate Mukuta (crown), jewelry, and proportions. The attention to detail is further showcased in the finely sculpted features of the Makara and Varunani’s toenails.
Varunani’s presence in the National Museum allows visitors to marvel at the rich heritage of Odishan temple art and glimpse into the spiritual significance of the Digapalas and their Digpatnis. Through these divine sculptures, the Konark Sun Temple continues to inspire wonder and admiration for the ancient craftsmanship and devotion to the celestial guardians of the eight directions.
